National Cultural Frames and Muslims’ Economic Incorporation: A Comparison of France and Canada

This article shows that differences in the economic incorporation of Muslims and other immigrant minorities France Canada are mainly related to selectivity, labor market structures, welfare transfers. Differences ethno-specific penalties due national cultural frames — multiculturalism secular republicanism small, affect only second generation, both minority household patterns treatment mainstream institutions. Using data on incomes from two large-scale surveys (Trajectories Origins 2008–2009 Canadian National Household Survey 2011) taking account cross-setting Muslim origins, we model cross-generational trajectories reflecting impact Within this framework, examine four ways may disadvantage: significance religion relative race, citizenship access, discrimination, patterns, including employment women couples intergenerational cohabitation. Across all minorities, find a striking cross-national difference trajectories: flat upward Canada, plausibly institutional differences. Net sociodemographic controls, race matter each setting, net disadvantage is similar each. Citizenship have little impact. Labor earnings discrimination appears similar. A small potential effect second-generation households: France, lower female rates reduce incomes, while English-speaking more frequent cohabitation with affluent parents increases incomes. Yet even these findings do not necessarily diminish overriding structure,